RAI BAHADUR SETH TEOMAL versus THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX AND THE COMMISSIONER OF EXCESS PROFITS TAX

(2) S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

RAI BAHADUR SETH TEOMAL

THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX AND THE COMMISSIONER OF EXCESS PROFITS TAX

(B. P. SINHA, J. L. KAPUR and

M. HIDAYATULLAH, JJ.)

Income Tax-Place of Assessment-Transfer of assessee's case to different Commissioner of Income-tax-Assessment by Income-tax Officer-Jurisdiction-Indian Income-tax Act, r922 (XI of I922), SS. 5, 64.

The appellant was carrying on the business of railway contractor in place in the district of R. In April 1943, the Income-tax Officer of R which was under the charge of the Com-missioner of Income-tax, Bengal (Mufassil), served notice under s. 22(2) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, on the appel-lant who in pursuance of the notice filed the return on February 28, 1944. The Income-tax Officer then served notices on him under ss. 22(4) and 23(2) of the Act for the production of books, etc., but before the final assessment was made, the Central Board of Revenue by an order passed under s. 5(2) of the Act, trans-ferred the appellant's case along with some other assessment cases, to the Commissioner of Income-tax (Central), Calcutta. On February 11, 1948, the Income-tax Officer, Calcutta, to whom the appellant's case was assigned, issued notices again under ss. 22(4) and 23(2) of the Act and after making the usual enquiries made the assessment order on March 15, 1948. The appellant's appeals to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and then to the Appellate Tribunal raising objections to the legality of the transfer of his case to Calcutta and to the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer, Calcutta, were dismissed. The Appellate Tribunal held that as the objection related to the place of assess-ment it was not competent for the Tribunal to go into that question. The appellant then made an application to the Com-missioner of Income-tax for reference under s. 66(1) of the Act, but this was dismissed on the ground that the assessee never raised any objection before the Income-tax Officer to his juris-diction and that, in any case, the question of jurisdiction could not arise out of the order of the Tribunal. An application filed by the appellant to the High Court under s. 66(2) of the Act was dismissed and though the order of dismissal was not taken up on appeal, the appellant filed an appeal to the Supreme Court against the order of the Appellate Tribunal. It was contended for the appellant that under s. 64(1) and (2) of the Act he was entitled to be assessed by the Income-tax Officer of the area within which the place of his business was situate, that the

March z.

'959 assessment by the Income-tax Officer of Calcutta was illegal assumption of jurisdiction and that, in any case, the order of Seth Teomol transfer by the Central Board of Revenue under s. 5(2) of the v. Act was not valid because, if it wanted to transfer the assess-Conunissioner of ment proceedings from the file of one Income-tax Officer to · Income-tax another it could be done only under s. 5(7A) and not under s. 5(2).

Held: (1) Sub-section (7A) of s. 5 which confers on the Cen-tral Board of Revenue the power to transfer any case from one Income-tax Officer to another is not provision which in any way modifies or cuts down the power given to the Central Board of Revenne under sub-s. 2 of s. 5 which enables it to specify as to which of the Commissioners would perform functions in res-pect of different areas, persons, incomes or cases or classes there-of. The two sub-sections are complementary and operate in two separate spheres.

Pannalal Binjraj v. Union of India, [1957] S.C.R. 233 and Bidi Supply Co. v. Union of India, [1956] S.C.R. 267, distin-guished.

In the present case, the Central Board of Revenue directed the Commissioner of Income-tax (Central), Calcutta, to exercise his functions in respect of certain cases including the case of the appellant and that fell under s. 5(2) and not under s. 5(7A). The order of transfer was, therefore, valid.

(2) The jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer, Calcutta, to make the assessment on the appellant cannot be challenged, in view of sub-s. 5(a) of s. 64 of the Act, under which sub-ss. (1) and (2) of s. 64 have no application to an assessee in respect of whom an order has been made by the Central Board of Revenue nnder s. 5(2) of the Act.

(3) Objections as to the place of assessment cannot be raised in appeal either before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner or before the Appellate Tribunal.

Wallace Brothers & Co. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Bombay, Sind and Baluchistan,. [1945] F. C. R. 65 and Seth Kanhaiyalal v. Commissioner of Income-tax, [1936] 5 I.T.R. 739, relied on.

Dayaldas Kushiram v. Commissioner of Income-tax (Central), [1939] 8 I.T.R. 139 and Dina Nath Hem Raj v. Commissioner of Income-tax, (1927) I.L.R. 49 All. 616, distinguished.

Consequently, as the question as to the place of assessment could not arise out of the order of the Appellate Tribunal no such question of law could be referred to the High Court.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeals Nos. 384 and 385 of 1957.

Appeal by special leave from the Order dated November 28, 1952, of the Income-ta:8: Appellate

(2) S.C.R. SUPREME COURT :REPORTS

Tribunal (Calcutta Bench) in LT.A. No. 4067 and

E.P.T. Appeal No. 391of1951-52.

N. 0. Chatterjee, B. Sen Gupta and B. P. Mahesh-wari, for the appellant.

K. N. Rajagopala Sastri, R.H. Dhebar and D. Gupta, for the respondents.

1959. March 2.

The Judgment of the Court

was delivered by

KAI'UR', J.-These two appeals pursuant to special leave are brought against two orders of the Income. tax Appellate Tribunal (Calcutta Bench) dated N ovem-ber 28, 1952, passed in appeal No. I. T. A. 4067 of 1951-52 in respect of income-tax assessment for the assessment year ending 31st March, 1944, and in appeal No. E. P. T. A. 391 of 1951-52 in respect of Excess Profits tax assessment of the appellant for the chargeable accounting period ending March 31, 1943. The original assessee was R. B. Seth Teomal who was the manager of Hindu undivided family. On Seth Teomal's death on May 30, 1944, Seth Ottanmal be-came the manager. He is now the appellant represent-ing the Hindu undivided family. He will be termed as the appellant in these appeals. Seth Teomal was carrying on the businesss of railway contractor at Lalmonirhat in the district of Rangpur which is now in Pakistan. In April 1943 notice was served on him under s. 22(2) of the Income-tax Act (hereinafter called the Act). He filed the return on February 28, 1944. The Income-tax Officer, Rangpur, served notices on him under ss. 22(4) and 23(2) for production of books, etc. It appears that assessment proceedings continued before the Income-tax Officer, Rangpur, but no final assessment was made.

According to an affidavit which has now been filed in this Court the Central Board of Revenue by an order passed under sub-s. (2) of s. 5 of the Act assign-ed the appellant's case along with some other assess-ment cases to the Commissioner of Income-tax (Cent-ral), Calcutta. The order contains the following end-orsements which give an indication of the reason for the case being assigned to the Commissioner of Income-tax {Central) :

Seth Teomal

v. Commissioner of I nco1ne~tax

J(apur ].

Seth Teomal v.

Com1nissioner of Income·tax Ilapur ].

ao4 StJPREME COURT Rli:PORTS (1959J Supp.

" Copy forwarded to :-

(1) ..... .................................................... ···•·· (2) Commissioner of Income-tax (Central), Cal-cutta. These cases are reported to have E. P. T. liabilities ".

Thus the appellant's case which was before an Income-tax Officer within the area in charge of the Commis-sioner of Income-tax, Bengal (Mofussil) was with-drawn from him and was assigned to the Commissioner of Income-tax (Central), Calcutta. On February 11, 1948, the Income-tax Officer District N -C (I. T. cum E.P.T.) to whom it appears the appellant's assessment case was assigned issued notice again under ss. 22(4) and 23(2) of the Act. That officer after making the usual enquiries made the assessment order on March 15, 19,l8. The order for Excess Profits Tax assess-ment. was made on March 30,1948. .

Against these orders two appeals were taken to the

Appellate Assistant Commissioner on April 30, 1948. In the appeal against income-tax assessment the appellant inter alia raised the following two grounds in regard to the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer, Calcutta:

"5. For that the petitioner is not aware of

any order passed for the transfer of the case from Rangpur to Calcutta and it is submitted that without such an order and communication of such order the assessment is challengeable for want of jurisdiction ".

"32. For that the appellants challenge the juris-

diction as there was no proper order of transfer and the business was carried on outside Calcutta and assessments had never before been made in Calcutta''. But no such ground was taken in the appeal against Excess Profits Tax assessment. The Appellate Assist-ant Commissioner dismissed both these appeals. In regard to jurisdiction he held :-

"It however appears from records on hand that

the principal place of business of the concern was at Rangpur and as the income attracted E. P. T. liability the case was transferred to Calcutta under Orders of C. B. R. Hence there is no substance in the conten-tion of the learned Advocate which fails".

The appellant then took two appeals to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal. In the appeal against income-tax assessment he took two objections in regard to jurisdiction :

I959 Seth Teomal v. Commissioner of Income-tax J{apur ]. I

" For that the objection taken before the learned

A. A. C. on jurisdiction should not have been summa- · rily disposed of by passing reference to an order of transfer of the case from Rangpur to Calcutta without at the same time discussing when the question of jurisdiction was seriously raised and how and under what circumstances and to whom was the case trans-ferred and for what purpose".

"2. For that the appellant begs leave to repeat that transfer was not legal or proper and was not made by any proper authority to legalise such trans-fer".

In the Excess Profits Tax appeal also this time an objection was taken as to jurisdiction :

"For that the assessment is bad in law having been made without jurisdiction".

The Appellate Tribunal held against the appellant in short paragraph:

"So far as the fi:r;st objection is concerned, in our opinion, it is not within our jurisdiction to go into this. matter. The objection relates to the place of assessment. As held in 1945 I. T. R. 39 (Wallace Brothers & Co. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Bombay, Sind and Baluchistan, Federal Court) the question as to the proper place of assessment is not one for adjudication by Court or by any Appellate Authority. Consequently we overrule the first con-tention of the Assessee."

The Tribunal thus held that as the objection related to the place of assessment the Tribunal was not competent to go into that question. Upon this the appellant applied for reference to be made under s. 66(1) of the Act and prayed for five questions to be referred. The two questions relating to jurisdiction were:-

(1) "Had the Income-tax Officer (Non-Compa-nies Income-tax cum Excess Profits Tax District, Cal-cutta, jurisdiction to make the assessment ?

'959 (2) Was the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal cor-rect in the circumstances in helding that it bas no juris-Seth Teomal d' t' t t · th t I v. IC 10n o ermme compe ence o t ncome-tax Commissioner of Officer in making the assessment ? " .

Income-tax In 'the " facts of the case " attached to the grounds of · Appeal it was stated that the accounts were produced Kapuy [1]· before the Income-tax Officer, Calcutta, under protest because the jurisdiction of that officer was being chal-lenged. In reply to this the Commissioner after refer.-ring to Wallace Brothers' case (') stated that it did not appear from the assessment record that the assessee ever raised any objection to the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer and if it had been taken the matter would have been referred by the Income-tax Officer to the Commissioner as required by law. This' application under s. 66(1) was dismissed on the ground that the question of jurisdiction could not arise out of the order of Tribunal and reliance was placed on Wallace Bro-thers' case ([1]) and Seth Kanhaiyalal v. Commissioner of Income-tax ([2]). The appellant applied to the High Court under s. 66 (2) of the Act and prayed for the following two questions and some others to be refer-red:-

(i) "Had the Income-tax Officer (N. C. I. T.

Cum E. P. T. District Calcutta) jurisdiction to make the assessment ? · ·

(ii) Was the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal

correct in the circumstances in holding that it hatl no jurisdiction to determine the competence of the In-come-tax Officer in making the assessment ?"

The High Court dismissed this application on July 23, 1954. No appeal has been filed in this Court against the order of the High Court but an appeal has been filed against the order passed by the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal.

On behalf of the Revenue preliminary objection was taken that as no appeal had been filed against the order of the High Court that order had become final and this Court, therefore, should not entertain the appeal against the order of the Tribunal and reli-ance was placed on the observations of Venkatarama (r) .[1945] F.C.R. 65; 13 I.T.R. 39. ' (2) [r936] 5 I.T.R. 739.

Aiyar, J., in Govinda Rajulu M·udaliar v. Commis-sioner of Income-tax (1). At p. 810 it was observed:-"The present appeal is against the decision of the Tribunal itself. It is no doubt true that this Court has decided in Dhakeswari Cotton Mills Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income-tax, West Bengal ([2]) that an appeal lies under article 136 of the Constitution of India. to this court against decision of the Appellate Tribunal under the Indian Income-tax Act. But seeing that in this case the appellant bad moved the High Court and decision has been pronounced adverse to him and this has become final, obviously it would not be open to him to question the correctness of the decision of the Tribunal on grounds which might have been taken in an appeal against the judg-ment of the High Court. All the points urged before us were taken in the reference under s. 66 (2) of the Indian Income-tax Act. It would therefore follow that these grounds are not open to the appellant ".

But counsel for the appellant relied on Dhakeswari Cotton Mills Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income-tax ([2]) where the scope of appeals under Art. 136 were set out by the learned Chief Justice. In this case how-ever it is not necessary to go into this .question because in our opinion there is little substance in the appeal itself.

Counsel for the appellant has urged two grounds in support of his appeal: (1) that his place of business WftS Lalmonirhat and under s. 64 (1) and (2) of the Act he was entitled to be assessed by the Income-tax Officer of that area and (2) that assessment by the Income-tax Officer of Calcutta was an illegal assump-tion of jurisdiction and therefore he was entitled to have the order of assessment quashed. In order to decide these questions reference has to be made to the scheme of the Act. The provisions relevant to the issue of jurisdiction are ss. 5 and 64. The former is headed "Income-tax authorities" and the latter "Place of assessment". Assessment is made by the Income-tax Officer under s. 23 (3). Against an order of assessment or the liability to be assessed an appeal (1) [1958] 34 LT.R. 807, 810. (2) [1955] l S.C.R. 941, '/49·

Seth Teomal v. Commissioner of Income tax Kapur ].

308 SUPREME COURT REPOI'tTS [1959] Supp.

1959 lies under s. 30 to the Appellate Assistant Commis-Seth Tcomal sioner and further appeal to Income-tax Appellate v. Tribunal under s. 33 of the Act. And then reference commissioner of can be. made by the Tribunal to the High Court under Income·tax s. 66 (1) of the Act and if the Tribunal does not make such reference the High Court can under s. 66 (2) Kapu' J. be moved and it can then direct that such reference be made.

The heading of s. 64 is" Place of assessment". Sub-section ( l) of s. 64 provides that the assesseo shall be assessed by the Income-tax Officer of the area in which he carries on his business. Sub.section (2) lays down that in all other oases an assessee shall be assessed by the Income-tax Officer of the area in which he resides. Under these two sub-sections there-fore the appellant, because he was carrying on busi-ness at Lalmonirhat, had to be assessed by the In-come-tax Officer of that area, i.e., by the Income.tax Officer of l'tangpur. Sub-section (3) of that section provides that if question as to the place of assess-ment arises, it is to be determined by the Commis-sioner of Income-tax or by Central Board of Revenue according as the case may be. Under the first proviso to this s.ub.section before the question as to the place of assessment is determined the assessee bas to have an opportunity of representing his views and under the second proviso the place of assessment cannot he called into question by the assessee if he has made return in response to the notice under sub-s. (1) of s. 22 and has stated therein the principal place where he .carries on his business or if he has not made such return, the time specified in the notice has expired. The third proviso to this sub.section is :

"Provided further that if the place of assessment is called in question by an assessee the Income Tax Officer shall, if not satisfied with the correctness of the claim, refer the matter for determination under this sub-section before assessment is made".

Thus urtder s. 64(3) the question of determination as

to the place of assessment only arises if an objection is taken by the assessee and the Income Tax Officer has any doubts as to the matter. But the determination

(2) S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

is to be by the Commissioner of Income Tax or the Central Board of Revenue. The Act does not contem-plate any other authority.

Seth Teomal v. Commissioner of lncoma-tax Hapur ].

It was contended on behalf of the assessee that he produced his accounts before the Income Tax Officer at Calcutta under protest. There is no mention of this protest in the assessment file and that is what was stated by the Commissioner of Income Tax in his reply which he gave on March 3, 1953, before the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal and which has been set out above. If such an objection had been raised the question would have been referred by the Income-tax Officer to the Commissioner as required under s. 64(3). That stage never arose because the objec-tion does not seem to have been taken at the stage when it should have been taken, i.e., before the Income-tax Officer, Calcutta.

But it is contended by counsel for the appellant that in the present case there is an illegal assumption of jurisdiction as the officer who made the assessment had no jurisdiction at all to make the assessment. It was also contended that if the Central Board of Revenue wanted to transfer the assessment proceed-ings from the Income-tax Officer, Rangpur, to the Income-tax Officer at Calcutta, it could only exercise that jurisdiction by making an order under s. 5(7 A) and not under s. 5(2) of the Act. He relied on Taylor v. Taylor (1) where it was held that if mode of exer-cise of power is laid down in the statute it has to be exercised in that way and no other. He also relied on Nazir Ahmad v. The King Emperor ([2]). He further contended that this was not case which fell under s. 5(2) of the Act. Section 5(7A) gives to the Central Board of Revenue the power to transfer any case from one Income-tax Officer to another which can be made at any stage of the proceedings and does not necessitate the reissuing of notice under s. 22(2) if it had already been issued by the Income-tax Officer from whom the case is transferred and in the expla-nation the word 'case' in relation to any person whose name is specified in, the order of transfer means (1) (1875) l Ch. D. 426, 431. (2) (1936) L.R. 63 I.A. 372.

all proceedings under the Act which may be pending ?n theh~ahte of thbe transfer andd jnfcludehs all proceed. mgs w JC may commence ter t date of the

Seth T'omal v. mgs w Comtniss£oner of transier • Income-tax Kapu' J. the

Section 5 although headed ' Income-tax authori-ties ' also gives to the Central Board of Revenue and the Commissioners of Income-tax certain powers in regard to withdrawing of cases from one area into other and from one Income-tax Officer to another. Suh-section (2) of this section gives power to the Central Government to appoint as many Commis-sioners of Income-tax as it thinks fit and they have to perform their functions in respect of different areas, persons and cases or classes thereof. The relevant portion of the sub-section is as follows :-

S. 5(2) "The Central Government may appoint as

many Commissioners of Income-tax as it thinks fit and they shall perform their functions in respect of such areas or of such persons or classes of persons or of such incomes or classes of incomes or of such cases or classes of cases as the Central Board of Revenue may direct ............... "

In the present case there are more than one Commis-sioner of Income-tax in Bengal and the Central Bpard of Revenue assigned certain cases including the case of the appellant to the Commissioner of Income-tax (Central) at Calcutta for the exercise of his functions as Commissioner. Now this is power which the Central Board of Revenue did possess under sub-s. (2) of s. 5. As to which Income-tax Officer was to deal with that case was for the Commissioner of Income-tax to designate.

Sub-section 7 of s. 5 confers on the Central Board of Revenue the power to transfer any case from one Income-tax Officer to the other which can be done at any stage of the· proceedings. This sub.section is not provision which in any way modifies or cuts down the power given to the Central Board of Revenue under s. 5(2). The two sub-sections are complementary , and operate in two separate spheres. Sub-section (2) is for the purpose of specifying as to which of the Commissioners would perform functions in respect of

different areas, persons, incomes or cases or classes thereof.

It was argued that s. 7 is special provision and it necessarily excludes the operation of sub-s. (2) but as we have saiq above the two sections are not mutually exclusive. They operate in two different spheres, their areas of operation are different and therefore the power which the Central Board of Revenue exercised in the present case cannot be said to be illegal. It was not transferrin'g the appellant's case from the Income-tax Officer, Rangpur, to the Income-tax Offi-cer, Calcutta. It directed the Commissioner of Income-tax (Central), Calcutta, to exercise his functions in respect of certain cases including the case of the appellant and that falls under s. 5(2) and not under s. 5(7A).

Reference was made to Pannalal Binjraj v. Union of India (1). But that was case in which the ques-tion raised was of constitutional validity of sub-s. 7 of s. 5 and it was held that it was measure of admi-nistrative convenience and was v.alid and neither in-fringed the fundamental rights under Art. 14 nor under Art. 19(l)(g). There are no observations in that case which militate against the view that sub-ss. (2) & (7 A) operate in different areas nor did that question arise in that case. The contention there raised was that sub-s. 7 conferred arbitrary and un-controlled powers of transfer and was discriminatory and violative of the provisions of Art. 14 and imposed an unreasonable restriction on the right to carry on trade or business in contravention of Art. 19 (l)(g). Counsel referred to Bidi Supply Co. v. Union of India (2) But that case also does not deal with the matter now before us. The simple question to be decided is whether the Income-tax Officer, Calcutta, could make the assessment in the appellant's case. The submission that there was illegal assumption of jurisdiction by the Income-tax Officer of Calcutta is not well-founded. If the Central Board of Revenue had the power to direct the Commissioner of Income-tax (Central), Calcutta, to exercise his functions in (1) [1957} S.C.R. 233, 266. (2) [1956} S.C.R. 267.

Seth Teomal v. Commissioner of Income-tax

[{ajn<r ].

'959 respect of several cases including the appellant's Seth Teomal mentioned in the ordei: dated November 29, 1946, as v. indeed it had under s. 5(2), then neither that order could commissionu of be challenged nor the power of the Income-tax Officer, In'ome-tax Calcutta, to make the assessment. After an order by the Central Board of Revenue under s. 5(2) of the Act J(apur ]. the provisions of sub-ss. (I) and (2) of s. 64 have no application because of sub-s. (5a) of s. 64 which is as follows: Sub-s. 5 "The provisions of sub-section (I) and sub-section (2) shall not apply and shall be deemed never at any time to have applied to any assessee-(a) on whom an assessment or reassessment for the purposes of this Act has been, is being or is to be made in the course of any case in respect of which Commissioner of Income-tax appointed without refer-ence to area under sub-section (2) of section 5 is exer-cising the functions of Commissioner of Income-tax ''.

In view of this provision no objection can be taken on the ground of sub-sections (I) and (2) of s. 64.

Counsel for the appellant relied on judgment of the Bombay High Court in Dayaldas Kushiram v. Com-missioner of Income-tax (Central) ([1 ]), where it was held that s. 64 was intended to ensure that as far as practicable the assessee should be assessed locally, i.e., by the Income-tax Officer of the area in which the assessee carries on business and there must, so far as the exigencies of the case allow, be some reasonable relation to the place where the assessee carries on business or resides. In that case the assessee was carrying on business in Ward and the proper officer under s. 64 to assess him was the Income-tax Officer of that Ward. As result of the coming into force of s. 5(2) the Commissioner of Income-tax (Central) was created without reference to the area. The case of the assessee on whom the notice had been served but had not been assessed in due course assigned to the Com-missioner of Income-tax (Central) who designated an Income-tax Officer for assessment of the 11.ssessee. The assessee thereupon made an application under s. 45 of

(1) [1939] 8 I.T.Il. 139.

(2) S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

the Specific Relief Act and prayed for direction to the Commissioner of Income-tax (Central) and the Income-tax Officer to whom his case had been assigned to for-bear from continuing the proceedings on the grounds that the Income-tax Officer had ·no jurisdiction having regard to s. 64 of the Act. It was held that the Income-tax Officer was not the Income-tax Officer of the area in which the assessee was carrying on busi-ness. It was also held that in spite of the insertion of s. 5(2) of the Act such assessment was without juris-diction because there was no amendment of s. 64. As result of this judgment Ordinance IX of 1939 was promulgated which subsequently was enacted as sub-s. 5 of s. 64. After· the Ordinance the assessee Dayal-das Kushiram was assessed by the same Officer and after unsuccessful appeals to the Commissioner of Income-tax and the Appellate Tribunal he made an application under s. 66(1) on three questions: (1) Whe-ther the order passed by the Commissioner of Income-tax deciding the place of assessment of the assessee could be the subject matter of appeal to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal ; (2) vVhether the Tribunal had the power to entertain an appeal on the question as to the place of assessment of an assessee even in the ab-sence of the order of Commissioner of Income-tax and (3) whether the question as to the place of assessment is question of law arising out of the order of the Appel-late Tribunal. It was held that the order of the Com-missioner was made under s. 5(2) and not under s. 64(3) and as the Ordinance had retrospective effect these questions did not arise and that the assessment of the assessee was validly made by the Income-tax Officer and the Ordinance removed the invalidity of the orders made prior to the passing of the Ordinance so far as they related to the assessee. Beaumont, C. J., held that the Income-tax Act did not determine the place of assessment but the officer who had to assess and that there could be no appeal under the Act against the order of the Commissioner as to the place of assessment, but only against the order of assessment of the Income-tax Officer.

Seth Teomal

v. Commissioner of Income-tax Kapu,. ].

314 SUPREME COURT RE;E'ORTS

[1959] Supp.

r959 Counsel for the appellant also relied on the judg-Seth Teomal ment of the Allahabad High Court in Dina Nath Hem v. Raj v. Commissioner of Income-tax('). In that case Commission" of the assessee was carrying on business at Calcutta and Income-tax he was sought to be assessed at Kanpur and an objec-tion was taken to the Income-tax Officer, Kanpur, making the assessment. The Income-tax Officer did not proceed in accordance with s. 64(3) and therefore it was held that assessment made by him was without jurisdiction. In the present case no question has been raised as to the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer who made the assessment and apart from that the order was made by the Central Board of Revenue under s. 5(2) of the Act and s. 64(5) becomes operative and sub-ss. (1) and (2) of s. 64 are inoperative. See also Seth Kanhaiya"lal v. Commissioner of Income. tax ([2]).The question then arises whether the objection as to the place of assessment, i. e., by the Income-tax Officer of Calcutta could be challenged in appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and then before the Appellate Tribunal. In our opinion it could not be. The scheme of the Act shows that no appeal in regard to the objection to the place of assessment is contem-plated under the Act. Under s. 64(3) of the Act question as to the place of assessment, when it arises, is determined by the Commissioner. Any such order cannot be made ground of appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner under s. 30 of the Act which provides for appeals against orders of assessment and other orders enumerated in s: 30 but no appeals is there provided against orders made under s. 64(3). Similarly appeals to the Appellate Tribunal which lie under s. 33 of the Act also do not provide for any appeal on the question of the place of assessment. In Wallace Brothers' case ([3 ]) at p. 79 Spens, C. J., after referring to s. 64(3) and the proviso thereto said: "These provisions clearly indicate that the mat-ter is more one of administrative convenience than of

(1) (1927) I.LR. 49 All. 616.

49 All. 616. (2) [1936] 5 l.T.R. 739. (3) [1945] F.C.R. 65: 13 I.T.R. 39.

(2) S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

jurisdiction and in any event it is not one for adjudi-z959 c~tion by thhe Cohurt ..... ... .... ... Thdis confirms us in the Seth Teomal view that t sc eme o t ct oes not contemp 1ate v. an objection as to the place of assessment being raised conmiissione• of on an appeal against the assessment after the assess-Income-tax ment has been made. As we have already pointed out, the objection was not raised in the present case l(apur J. even before the Appellate Income-tax Officer but only before the Appellate Tribunal".

There is nothing in the Bidi Supply case (1) which in any way detracts from the efficacy of the decision of the Federal Court in Wallace Brothers' case ([2]). We have already said that Bidi Supply case ([1]) deals with the vires of s .. 5(7 A).

In this view of the matter the question as to the place of assessment does not arise out of the order of the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal and therefore no question of law could be referred nor could the High Court make such order under s. 66(2). In our opinion, the High Court rightly dismissed the appellant's appli-cation for directing the case to be stated under s. 66(2) of the Act.

The appeals therefore fail and are dismissed with costs. In the circumstances of the case there will be only one set' of costs.

Appeals dismissed.

(2) [1945] F.C.R. 65; 13 I.T.R. 39.