KUNJU KESAVAN versus M. M. PHILIP I. C. S. AND ORS.

Union of India '. La du Lal Jain

In view of what we have said above, we hold that the Union of India carries on the business of running railways and can be sued in the Court of tlie Subordinate Judge of Gauhati within whose terri-torial jurisdiction the headquarters of one of the is situated. We accor-railways run by the Union dinily dismiss the appeal with costs .

..4 ppwl lliami1aed.

llUNJU KESA VAN

M. M. PHILIP I. C. S. AND ORS.

(A. K. SARKAR, M. HIDAYATULL.lH and J. C. SHAH JJ.)

Travancort JJlzlava Act-Jlakkathayam properly-Nature and incidenta-Partibility-Tht meani11g of lht t:i:pm•iOll •con-trary inttntion' in•· 32 of tht Act-The righla of 'i8'uea' whtn there is exemption ui1dtr •· 33 of the Act-Queabon of tteemption not rai•td in written atatement-No i83ue framed-But evidtn.u led-Not objected by plaintif/1-Whtther vitiat.. the trial-Val• ation of tho •uil below twt'llly thousand-Certificate granted by tht High Court under Art. 133 of the Constitution valid-Constitu-tion of India, Art. 133-Travancore Ezhaw Act, 1100 (Act, III of 1100), ••· 2, 18,19,32,33.

The property in the •nit originally belonged to one Bhag-avathi Parameswaram who created an otti in favour of one Krishnan Marthandam for 3500 fanama (about Rs. 500/-), Subsequently the latter created chittoti, Bhagavathi Parame-swaram some years later (in 1163 M.E.) made gift of the property to his wife Bhagavathi Valli. Bhagavathi Valli died in 1105 M.E. She bad an only son Sivaraman who was mar-ried to Parvathi Meenaksbi and had son named Vasudevan. Sivaraman left Travancore in 1096 M.E. Both sides are agreed that he died thereafter. But there is no agreemeat aa 10 the date of hb death. Mccnakllhi a.id claimiD1

to be the heirs jointly sold thejenmom rights in 1123 M.E. to the present appellant. The appellant brought suit for the redemption of the otti and recovery of possession of the pro-perty from the defendant (present respondent No. 1).

The defendant denied that Bhagwathi Valli ever got the jtnmom right. He claimed to have obtained both the jenmom right as well as other rights. According to him on Bhagavathi Valli's death her sister B. Narayani and Narayani's daughter Gouri were heirs through whom he traced his title. He further contended that even if Meenakshi and Vamdevan got any jenmom right they lost it by the auction sale in O.S. No. 36 of 1100 M. E. For these reasons it was contended that the plain-tiff had no title to sue. It is admitted by both parties that the case is governed by the Travancore Ezhava Act, llOO.

The trial court and the first appellate court decreed the suit but the High Court reversed the decision of the courts below hoLJing that the plaintiff had not obtained valid title to the equity of redemption by the sale deed in his favour and was not entitled to redeem the property. The plaintiff there-upon appealed to this Court on certificate granted by the High Court.

preliminary objection was raised by the respondent about the competency of the certificate granted by the High Court. It was contended that since the suit was valued at 3500 Janams (Rs. 500[-) \hi• valuation governed the suit for the purpose of the certificate and this value being below the prescribed minimum under Art. 133 of the Constitution the certificate was not competent. It was alternatively contended that if the valuation was more than Rs. 10,000 the trial court had no jurisdction to try the suit.It was contended on behalf of the appellant that the ordi-nary rule of law was that property was impartible and that . 1., 32 of the Act rrace departure and imposed partibility on the Makkothayam property and the expression 'contrary intention' contemplated in s. 32 was an intention contrary to partibility and such an intention could not be spelled out from Ex. III the gift deed. It was contended that if the property was shared by Bhagavathi Valli with Sivaraman and Vasude-van, then Vasudevan would have the right to redeem the Otti as person interested and so would the appellant, transferee from him. Alternatively if the property became that of Bha-gavathi Valli alone then Vasudevan would be entitled to suc-ceed to the property left by Bhagavathi Valli by virtue of ss. 18

1963 Kunju K1savan .. M. M. Philip

Kunju Ke5aian v. M.M. PMip

and 19 of the Act provided Bhagavathi Valli was not exempted from the operation of the Act under s. 33. It was further contended that since the question of exemption was not pleaded by the defendant ·(respondent) in his written statement and since no issue was framed the High Court ought not to have considered the notification put in by the respondent in his evi-dence purporting to prove that Bhagavathi Valli was exempted. Finally it was urged that the notification does not in fact prove that she was so exempted since her identity is not established by the notification.

Held that for the certificate to be competent the appeal must satisfy two t"'ts of valuation. The amount or value of the subject matter of the suit in the court of first instance and the amount or value of the subject matter in dispute on appeal to this Court must both be above the mark. There are how-ever cases in which the decree or final order directly or indirec-tly involves some claims or question to or respecting property above the mark. Such cases are also appealable. The word 'indirectly' in such cases covers the real value of the claims which is required to be determined quite apart from the valuation given in the plaint if the property was not re-quired to be valued for the purposes of the suit on the market-value. In the case the High Court found the value to be Rs. 42,000/- and Rs. 80,000i· at the material times; The plaintiff was not required to value his plaint on the real or market value of the property but on the price for redemption. He had asked for posse1Sion of the property after redemption and the property as the High Court has found is well above the mark in value. The certificate is competent. The suit as valued was properly laid in the court of first instance and in any case such an objection cannot be raised for the firsf time in this Court. ·

The working of 1. 32 does not justify the contention that by reason of the expression 'contrary intention' only imparti-bility could be imposed. What the law was to define the rights on partition of makkatha11am property .and laid .down that on partition the shares should be equal unless contrary intention was expressed. The gift deed Ex. III in the present case shows that the pr<>perties given to the donees a•·e io'bc taken by each •exclusively.

Reading ss. 18 and 19 it follows that whether Sivaraman survived Valli or died her Vasudevan an issue within the expresS1on 'how-low-so-ever .of nation to 1. 19 at leasl '° fracti011al interest in the

3 S.C.R.. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

But this can only be if Bhagavathi Valli ·wa. not exempted from the operation of Part IV of the Act.

The parties went to trial, fully understanding the central fact whether the succession as laid down in the Ezhava Act applied to Bhagavathi Valli or not. The absence of an iasue, therefore, did not lead to material sufficient to vitiate the decision. The plea was hardly needed in view of the fact that the plaintiff' stated in his replication that the "suit pro-perty was obtained as makkathayam property, by Bhagavathi Valli under the Ezbava Act". The subject of exemptir>n from Part IV of the Ezhava Act, was properly raised in the trial Court and was rightly considered by the High Court.

The High Court was right in holding that the identity of Bhagavathi Valli had been established and that Bhagavathi Valli was exempted from the operation of the Ezhava Act (Part IV).

The present appellant is not entitled to redeem the olti having never enjoyed the jenmom rights.

CIVIL APPJliLLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No, 1 of 1962. ·

Appeal from the judgment and decree dated September 10, 1957, of the Kerala High Court in Second Appeal No. 42 of 1954 (I.T.)

T. S. Venkataraman and V. A. Seyid Muham-

mad, for the appellant.

A. V. Vis11anatha Sastri, G. B. Pai, Shakun-tala Sharma aad K. P. Gupta for respondent No. 1.

1963. May S. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

HmAYATULL.4.H ].-This is an appeal on certificate by the High Court of Kerala against its judgment and decree dated September 10, 1957. The suit out of which this appeal arises, was filed by the appellaut Kunju Kesavan to redeem an Otti crea-ted by one Bhagavathi Parameswaran in favour of

L963 K unju K J4!7M v. M. M. PJiilip

ffidayat•llu 1.

1963 Kunju K1saoan •• M. M.Philip Hidayalu/Jah J.

one Krishnan Marthandan on 5.5.1091 M.E., for 3500 fanams. Subsequently, Krishnan Marthandan created some chittoti. Bhagavathi Parameshwaran made gift of the property to his wife Bhagavathi Valliyamma on 9.3. ll03 M.E., by Exh. III. Bhag· avathi Valli died on 4.11.1105. M.E. She had an only son Parameswaran Sivaraman who was married to Parvathi Meenakshi and had son named Vasu-devan. Sivaraman, according to the plaintiff, left Travancore in 1096 M.E., and both sides have taken it for granted that he died thereafter. Meenakshi and Vasudevan, claiming to be the heirs, jointly sold the jenmom rights on 12.4.1123 M.E., to the appellant Kunju Kesavan, and he brought the pre-sent suit for redemption of the otti, offering to pay 3500 fanams in equivalent money and for improve-. ments, if any, as determined by the court. The suit was valued at 3500/anams (about Rs. 500/-) which was the amount of the otti, and the claim was for redemption of the otti and possession of the fields from the defendants who were in possession. The suit was resisted by the first defendant (respondent No. 1). Defendants 2 and 3 (repondents 2 and 3) filed written statement, but do not appear to have taken much interest thereafter.

The first respondent admitted some of these facts. He, however, averred that the document execu-ted by Bhagavathi Parameshwaran was not meant to be acted upon and Bhagavathi Valli and others never obtained any rights in the jenmom. by Exh.III. Re also contended that if Bhagavathi Valli got any rights, they were subject to prior charge of the decree of the District Court, Trivandrum, in 0. S. No. 36 of llOO M.E., and that in an auction sale held on 3.4.1114 M. E., the jenmom rights were purchased by the decree-holders, who were the heirs of Krishnan Marthandan and from whom the first respondent obtained the sale deed. He claimed to have thus obtained the jenmom rights as also the otti rights.

3 s.c.R.. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 639

The first respondent admitted that Sivaraman had left India in J 096 M. E., but denied the allegation that letters were received from him till 1100 M.E , or that till I 108 M E., some information was being received about him. He asserted that right from 1096 M.E., none heard from him or of him. and submitted that Sivaraman must have died in 1096 M.E., or was not alive on 9.3.1103 M.E., the date of the gift to Bhagavathi Valli. According to him, on Bhagavathi Valli's death, her sister B. Narayani and Narayani's daughter Gouri were heirs and Meenakshi and Vasudevan were not her heirs and thus they never got the jenmom rights. Alter-natively, he contended that even if they did obtain any jenmom rights, they lost them by the auction-sale in O.S. No. 36 of 1100 M.E., to the auction-purchasers. The first respondent, therefore. submit-ted that the transaction by sale in favour of the pre-sent appellant gave him no rights; on the other hand, as the auction-purchasers were allowed to continue in as possession full owners with the consent express or implied or the acquiescence of Vasudevan and Meenaksi, full title resulted to him.

The parties are Ezhavas, and in the absence of special exemption under the Act, they would be governed by the Travancore Ezhava Act, llOO (Act III of 1100) in the matter of succession and partit!on. One of the contentions tried in the case relates to this exemption, it being contended that Bhagavathi Valli had applied for exemption from part IV of the Act, and was thus governed not by its terms but by the general Marumakkathayam law.

The two courts below decreed the suit. The Temporary District Munsiff of Trivandrum held that the plaintiff was entitled to redeem the otti and valued the improvements at Rs. 1367/13/4. An ap-peal was filed by the present first respondent and the other side cross-objected. The appeal and the cross-objection were dismissed. On further appeal by the

1965 Ku'!ju Ke1nvan ·-M. M. PhUip Hidayatut/ih J.

--KuniM K esavaN v. M.M. Pftil¥ Hi®y""'ll•A J.

first defendant, the High Court reversed the decision of the two courts below, holding that the plaintiff had not obtained valid title to the equity of redem-ption by the sale deed in his favour, and was not entitled to redeem the property. The plaintiff' has on now appealed to this Court certificate by the High Court.

preliminary objection has been raised about the competency of the certificate granted by the High Court. It is contended that the suit was valued at 3500 fanams, and this valuation governs the suit for the purpose of the certificate, and the amount or value being below the mark, the certificate was wrongly issued by the High Court and ought to be cancelled. Alternatively, it is contended that if the valuation was more than Rs. 10,000, the trial court had no jurisdiction to try the suit.

The present appeal is against the judgment of the High Court which reversed the decision of the court below, and if the valuation was hove the mark, the certificate was properly granted by the High Court since an appeal as of right would lie. An appeal must satisfy two tests of valuation. The am,.,unt or value of the subject-matter of the suit in the court of first instance and the amount or value of on the subjeet-matter in dispute appeal to this Court must both be above the mark. There are, however, cases in which the decree or final order some involves directly or indirectly claim or question to or respecting property above the mark. Such cases are also appealable. Ordinarily, the valuation in the plaint determines the valuation for the purposes of appeal. plaintiff', who sets low0r value on claim which he is required to value according to the real or market value, cannot be permitted to change it subsequently, · because this would amount cases to approbation and reprobation. But in .those in which the plaint is not· required to be valued in

3 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

this way, question may arise as to the proper value of the claim both in the court of first instance and on appeal to this Court. The word 'indirectly' in such cases covers the real value of the claim which is required to be determined quite apart from the valuation given in the plaint.

In this case, the High Court found the value to be Rs. 42,(i)OO and Rs. 80,000 at the two material times. It is obvious that the plaintiff was not required to value his plaint on the real or market value of the property but on the price for redemption. He was not, therefore, concluded by the valuation given in the plaint. He had asked for possession of the property after redemption, and that property as the High Court has found, is well above the mark in value. The certificate was, therefore, on properly granted. The attack the jurisdiction of the court of first instance must also fail. The suit as valued was properly laid in the court of first instance, and in any case, such an objection cannot be entertained now. The preliminary objection is, therefore, rejected.

The main question in this appeal is whether Meenakshi and Vesudevan had any title to the property and whether they could transmit any title on whether the to the appellant. This depends Ezhava Act applies or the ordinary Maruniakkatha-yam law. The ordinary Marumakkathayam law has system of inheritance in which the descent is traced in the female line. It is conceded that if the Marumakkathayam Jaw is applicable, Meenakshi and Vasudevan, who were the daughter-in-law and son's son of Bhagavathi Valli, were not heirs to her. The Ezhava Act was passed to define and amend among others, the law of succession and among the In its application it excluded Ezhavas domiciled in Travancore, 'who were following Makkathayam. By s. 2 of the Ezhava

196J KM1j11 K1io11aa ... M.M. Philil Hi'4,alullali J.

196J Kunyu K1savan v. M.M. Philip Hidayatutlah J,.

Act, the Act could be extended to Ezhavas who followed Makkathayam. No question has been raised before us that it was not so extended and the on arguments proceeded the assumption that it was, indeed, the answering respondent that Bhagavathi Valli had opted out of part IV under s. 32 of the Act, and this could only be if the Act was applicable to her. The appellant contended. as we shall show presently, that Bhagava.thi Valli was governed by the Ezhava Act.

'Makkathayam' means gift by the father. In the Ezhava Act, Makkathayam property is defined to mean property obtained from the husband or father by the wife or child or both of them, by gift, was inheritance or bequest. The property in suit gifted by Bhagavathi Parmeswaran to his wife Bhagavathi Valli, and obtained the character of makkathayam property. The first question, there-fore, raised by Dr. Seyid Muhammed, counsel for the appellant, is that though the gift was to Bhaga-vathi Valli co nomine, it operated, under the law applying to makkathayam property, to confer equal benefits upon Bhagavathi Valli and her issue how· low-so-ever. Reference in this connection is made to s. 32 of the Act which makes special provision for the partition of makkathayam property and provides :

"32. Makkathyam property divisible a1111Jng wi,f and children equally. Except where contrary intention is expressed in the instru-ment of gift or bequest, if any, makkatha-yam prope•ty acquired after the date of the passing of this Act shall be liable to be divided among the wife and each of the children in equal shares :

Provided that, in the partition of makkatha-yam property, the issue how-low-so-ever of

:1 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

deceased child sha1! be entitled to only such share as the child itself, if alive would have taken."

According to the answering respondent, the settlement deed, Exh. III, gave the suit property some exclusively to Valliyamma and other property to the grandson Vasudevan and thereby evinced an intention contrary to the operation ofs. 32. Dr. Seyid Muhammed submits that the ordinary rule of law was was was that'the property impartible and always shared by female of marumakkathyam tarwad with her tkavazhee, and cited passage from M.P • on .Joseph's book the Principles of Marumakkthayam ·Law (1926), pp. 52,53, in support of this contention. He also refers to the observations of Division Bench in Narayanen Narayanen v, Parwathi Nangali ('), where it was held that gift by the father (known as makkathayam) to his wife was ordinarily intended to benefit the wife and the children of the donor and though the property wa1 usually registered and acquired in the name of the mother, it was always held in common by them. He contends that s. 32 made departure and on imposed partibility the makkathayam property ·and the only intention that must appear must be in favour of impartibility, and such an intention cannot be spelled out of Exh. 111.

Section 32 makes the makkathayam property divisible among wife and children equally. The provision is in part VII which deals with partition. It is not possible to say that by the contrary intention only impartibility could be imposed. There is nothing to show that impartibility was the rule in respect of makkathayam property. The two passages only show that ordinarily the benefit went to the thavazhee as whole. \Vhat the law did was to define the rights on partition of makkathayam property and laid down that on partition the shares would be equal (I) 5, T. L. R. 116.

J96J KunJU K611oat1 v. M.M. Philip Hid<J•tullalt J.

1J63 KaJu KesavetJ v. MM. Phi/ii H'llfayatulla/i J,

unless contrary intention was expressed. The reading suggested by Dr. Seyid Muhammed cann"t as .. If one be accepted the only reading goes by the document, Exh. III, it is clear tliat there was such an intention implicit in it. The donor some properties to his wife, and othe1s to his grandson. His son was then unheard of for years. He thus divided his properties between his wife and grandson and the intention is manifest that each was to take exclusively.

Dr. Seyid Muhammed next contends that the property was either shared by Bhagavathi Valli with her son and son's son as shown in the proviso to s. 32, quoted above, or it belonged to her exclusively. In either case, he contends Vasudevan would have an illterest and could transmit it to the appellant. He argues that if the property was shared by Bhagavathi Valli with Sivaraman and Vasudevan, then, Vasudevan would have the right to redeem the otti as person interested, and so would the present appellant, as ·transferee from him. Alter-natively, if the property became that of Bhagavathi Valli alone, then, succession to that property would be governed by ss. 18 and 19 of the Ezhava Act, read with Explanation II, which explanation governs the whole of part IV where ss. 18 and 19 figure. These sections and the explanation read :

"18. Devolution of self-acquired or separate property of female. On the death of an Ezhava female, the whole of her self-acquired or separate property left undisposed by her at her death shall develove on her own thavazhee. If she dies leaving her surviving no members of her thavazhee but her husband and members of her mother's thavazhee, one-half of such property shall devolve on her husband and the other half on her mother's thavazhee. In the absence of the husband the mother's thavazhee shall take the whole; and in the absence of the

3 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

mother's thavazhee the husband shall take the whole."

"19. Devolution of such property in the absence of members of her or her mother'11 thavazhee or husband. On the death of an Ezhava female, leaving her surviving neither members of her thavazhee nor other members of her mother's thavazhee nor husband but only the thavazhee of her grandmother or of her other more remote female ascendants, her self-acquired or separate property left undisposed of by her at her death shall devolve on such thavazhee, the nearer excluding the more remote."

"Explanation II. The expression 'children' in the case of an intestate male and the expres-sion 'thavazhee' in the case of an intestate female shall, for the purpose of Part IV of this Act, include the issue of such intestate male or female how-low-so-ever."

From the explanation, it would appear that the expression 'thavazhee' in the case of an intestate female includes her issue how-low-so-ever, and the word 'issue' indicates both males and females. Reading s. this expression in connection with 18, Dr. Seyid Muhammed contends that on the death of Bhaga-vathi Valli, the whole of her separate property left undisposed of by her at her death, devoloved on her own th:wazhee, that is to say, her issue how-low-so-ever.

In this connection, question of great nicety was also argued before us as to whether Sivaraman could be said to have survived Bhagavathi Valli or to have died earlier. In the absence of evidence, we need not embark upon an inquiry by the light of presumptions as to when Sivaraman can be said

Ku"Ju K1semua y, M.M. Philip Hid,Jatullah J.

KunyurK1savan M.M. Phi/it Hiduy1lull .. I.

to have died. In the document executed in favour of the answering respondent, Exh. R, dated 1-7-1121 M.E., it is quite clearly stated by the predecessors-in-title of the answering respondent that Sivaraman was then dead. This constitutes an admission which has neither been withdrawn nor shown to be incorrect, and is thus binding upon the answering respondent. It follows that whether Sivaraman survived Bhagavathi Valli or died before her, Vasudevan succeeded, as an 'issue' within the expression 'how-low-so-ever' of the Explanation, at least to fractional interest in the property. He would thus be in position to transfer that interest to the appellant, and the appellant would be 'person interested' for the purpose of redeeming the otti. But this can only be if t.he provisions regarding succession under the Ezhava Act ·were applicable to Valli.

Though in the pleadings, there is no mention that Bhagavathi Valli had secured an exemption from the Ezhava Act, parties appeared to have joined issue on this subject. The answerin1; respondent filed in the Court copy of Gazette notification which, so it was claimed, mentioned Bhagavathi Valli's name amoni! the persons who were granted exemption from part IV of the Ezhava Act. Section 33, under which such an exemption from the Act could be claimed, reads :

"33. (1) On an application made within

six months from the commencement of thi1 Act-

(i) by an individual member of an Ezh-ava tarwad with reference to the provisions of part IV,

the Government may, after making such enquiry as may be necessary and on being

satisfied as to the truth of the application, exempt by notification in the Government Gazette such individual member .... from the operation of the said provisions of this Act."

The plaintiff was cross·examined about the address of Bhagavathi Valli to prove that it was the same as shown in the notification. Evidence was also led by the answering respondent to show that Bhagavathi Valli had applied for exemption and obtained it. The appellant did not lead any evidence to show the contrary.

It is contended before us that the notification or the deposition of the aforesaid witness cannot be looked into when there is no proper plea or issue about the exemption. It is contended that the plain· tiff was taken· by surprise when the High Court considered this point, as he did not get sufficient apportunity to rebut it, which he would have done if it had been pleaded and an issue had been framed. In our opinion, the parties understood that the only issue in the case was the application to Bhagavathi Valli of the rules of succession contained in part IV ef the Ezhava Act. The appellant was cross-exa· mind regarding Bhagavathi Valli's address, and D.W.l, an advocate, gave evidence that Exh. II was the notification, which showed the exemption obtain· ed by Bhagavathi Valli.

The trial judge assumed that Bhagavathi Valli had been exempted from the provisions of part IV of the Ezhava Act, but he felt that that did not affect the devolution of makkathayam property according to the provisions of s. 32 of the Ezhava Act. He was, therefore, of the opinion that after Bhagavathi Valli's death, Bhagavathi Valli's sister Narayani and Naray· ani's daughter, Gouri, did not acquire any right in the property. In the appeal court, the learned District Judge observed thaL in the notification there were mere

unyu KeJaciara v. M.M. Philip Hidayalull•h /.

/96J .Kun ya & es11von v. MM. Philip Hiiay•tulloh J.

was im-than one Bhagavathi Valli, and therefore, it possible to say whether Bhagavathi Valli, the donee under Exh. III, was at all mentioned in the notifi-cation.

We do not think that the plaintiff in the case was taken by surprise. The notification must have been filed with the written statement, because there is was nothing to show that it tendered subsequently after obtaining the orders of the court. The plaintiff was also cross-examined with respect to the address of Bhagavathi Valli, and the only witness examined on the side of the defendant deposed · about the notification and was not cross·examined on this point. The plaintiff did not seek the permission of the court to lead evidence on this point. Nor did he object to the reception of this evidence. Even before the District Judge, the contention was not that the evidence was wrongly received without was proper plea and issue but that the notification not clear and there was doubt whether this Bhagava-thi Valli was exempted or not. The parties went to trial fully understanding the central fact whether the succession as laid down in the Ezhava Act applied to Bhagavathi Valli or not. The absence of an issue, therefore, did not lead to mis·trial sufficient was to vitiate the decision. The plea hardly nee-ded in view of the fact that the plaintiff mad1 the following plea in the replication:

"The suit property was obtained as mak-kathayam property, by Bhagavathi Valli, un-der the Ezhava Act. And as per the pro-was visions in the said Act, the said property obtained exclusively by Vasudevan, subsequent to the death of the said Bhagavathi Valli and Sivaraman."

and the notification was filed to controvert his allega-tion. In our opinion, the subject of exemption was properly raised between the parties and considered in the High Court and the courts below. The High

Court differed from the District Court with regard to the notification and held that Bhagavathi Valli was exempted from the operation of part IV of the Ezhava Act. We shall now consider whether the finding on this part of the case given by the District Judge or that given by the High Court is correct.

Exh.II is notification issued in 1102 M.E.

It reads:

"Whereas the undermentioned persons have applied to the Government, under Sec-tion 33 {l)(i) of the Travancore Ezhava Regulation, Act 3 of 1100 M.E, praying to exempt them from the provisions of Part IV of the said regulation, and whereas the Govern-ment have become convinced of the truth of their application, on making enquiries.

The Government have exempted each of the following persons, from the provisions of Part IV of the Travancore Ezhava Regula-tion, Act 3 of 1100 M.E.

Huzur, Trivandrum. 8th January 1927

(By order} K. George Chief Secretary to Government."

J96S K Ufl)U ,.,,.,,.,, •• M.M. Philip Hid.,.tolloll I

It was contended by the answering respondent that Bhagavathi Valli at No. 170 is this Bhagavathi Valli. His witness, Mathan Kuruvila, an advocate, deposed that Bhagavathi Valli shown at No. 170 was Hhaga vathi Valliamma and Bhagavathi Narayani at No. 171 was her sister and Narayani Gouri at No. 172 waa Narayani's daughter. The plaintiff admitted that he had seen Bhagavathi Narayani on several occa-sions, that their house was called Thottuvarambu, that Pinarummoottu Veedu was the name of the tarwad house, that Thottuvarambu Veedu is in Ka-takam Palli Pakuthi, and that he did not know whe-ther Gouri was also residing in Thottuvurambu Veedu. Dr. Seyid Muhammed refers to number of documents in which the address of Bhagavathi Valli was shown as Pinarummoottu Veedu in Van-were chiyoor Pathirikari Muri. These documents of the years 1928 to 1938. They are exhibits C, D, K,L,M, R. He contends that in all these documents except one (Exh. address of Bha-gavathi Valli or of her sister was shown as Pinaru-mmoottu Veedu in Vanchiyoor Pathirikari !vfuri which is not the address shown in Exh.11. and tha! Bhagavathi Valli at No, 170 was not this Bhagavatht Valli. In Exh. Bhagavathi Narayani, deposing in an earlier suit in 1110 M.E. (1935), gaveher address as "Pinarummoottu Veedu in Vanchiyoor Pathirikari Muri and now in Thottuvaramba Bunga-low in Katakampulli Pakuthi" and stated that she had was an elder sister by name Bhagavathi Valli who . residing in the Veedu. It is, therefore, clear that the larwad had two places of residence, oIJe Veedu in Vanchiyoor Pathirikari Muri, and the other, bua-galow called Thottuvaramba in Katakampalli Paku-thi. One of these addresses is given in Exh.11. It would, therefore, follow that the address as given ia E:xh.11 does not show that this was some othu Bhagavathi Valli. Indeed the points which iden-tify the suit Bhagavathi Valli with the Bhagavathi Valli mentioned at No. 170 are numerous. The name is correctly described. It is also fact that she belonged to the Bhagavathi Bhagavathi branch. Further, she was of Pinarummoottu tarwad. Then follow two other names, namely, Bhagavathi Naray-ani and Narayani Gouri who also belonged to the same branch and · tar·wad and who could be none other than her sister and her niece. Even the add-ress is correct. It is, therefore, quite clear that the was in High Court right holding that the identity had been established. The observation of the learned were District Judge that there many Bhagavathi Vallis .n the list is not borne out on the record of this case, because the only other Bhagavathi Valli mentioned at No. 185 may or may not be the same Bhagavathi Valli whose name is mentioned in conjuction with one Narayanan Lakshmanan of Pinarummoottu, Vanchi-yoor Pakuthi, Trivandrum. In the other notifica-tion, under which exemption from part VII of the Act was notified, the branch of Bhagavathi Bhagavathi of Pinarummoottil tarwad was again shown to be at Thottuvaramba Bungalow in Katakampalli Pakuthi in Trivandium Taluk, while Pinarummoottil tarwnd was shown as at Pathirikari Muri in Vahchiyoor Pakuthi in Trivandrum. This again proves that the tarwad had two houses which were occupied by differen brancbcs.

Eunju Kesav1n v. M.M. Philip Hidayatolloh J,

1963 We are satisfied that the exemption under the Euju KOJav1111 Act has been duly proved in this case. Since Bhaga-v. vathi Valli was not subject to part IV of the Ezhava M. M. Pililip Act, it is obvious that under the pure Marumakka-lfidayatul/oh J. thayam law, Meenakshi and Vesudevan were not her heirs, but Bhagavathi Narayani and her daughter Gouri. Of these Gouri Narayanijoined in executing the document 'R' in favour of the answering respon-dent, which was executed by the legal representatives of the original mortgagee. In our opinion, therefore, the was High Court right in holding that the present appellant was not entitled to redeem the otti, having never enjoyed the jenmom rights. The appeal, therefore, must fail and is dismissed with costs.

Appeal dismis1ed.

1963 ASSOCIATED CEMENT CO. LTD. M'!JI 8.

THE WORKMEN AND ANR.

(P. B. GAJENDRAGADJUR, K. N. WANCHOO and K. C. DAS GUPTA JJ.)

Industrial Diapute-Dismissal of workmen -Enquiry conducte.d by eye witness .. -Propriety-1/ vio/,af,e& principl• of natural justice-Proper procedure in domeatic enquir11-Rult. of •vidence -Industrial Diaputea Act, 1947 (U of 19117). •· IO (1} D.

An industrial dispute arose in regard to the dismissal of certain workmen. It was referred for adjudication to the Industrial Tribunal. There were three domestic enquiries. One of them was conducted by oificcn, who had thcmselv11